Kashmir Issue Part1

In 1947, when the British granted India its independence, Mohammed Ali Jinnah wanted a separate country for Muslim majority ares of India. So the erstwhile British Empire of India was split into West Paksitan, India and East Pakistan. There were around five hundred princely states in India that were given the choice of joining the Paksitani union or the Indian union. Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu King of the dogra dynasty, and was given a choice to join either state.While he was dithering between joining India or becoming an independent country, the Pakistani army attacked Kashmir from the west, thinking it would be a quick battle. But the King of Kashmir asked India for help. India agreed to help on the condition that Kashmir would be part of the Indian Republic. The king hastily signed a document agreeing to join the union of India. The Pakistanis felt that he had no right to do that since the majority of his subjects were Muslim and would have sided with Pakistan and appealed to the international community to restore Kashmir to Pakistan, or let the people have their say. However, in the eyes of the world, Pakistan had forfeited any moral high ground because of their treacherous attack on an unguarded kingdom. So though they tried hard to get the United Nations involved later, they never mustered any international backing to thier cause. IT left them feeling bitter and frustrated and they felt the whole world was against them and had unfairly sided with India.
After the 1947 war, India controlled the best parts of the Kashmir valley (Jammu and Kashmir) and Pakistan occupied the rest, which is mostly uninhabitable. The recent devastating earthquakes in 2006 were almost entirely on the Pakistani side of Kashmir.Pakistan's founding politicians were so bitter that they swore a 'thousand year struggle' to get Kashmir 'back' from the Indians. Though, in the intervening sixty years, most Pakistanis have lost any hope of getting it 'back', and also have lost all fervor to get Kashmir to join Pakistan, no politician can openly say it is time they gave up and moved on.It is analogous to the US-Cuba situation. But in case of Paksitan the cost of this unending quarrel with India is enormous. They are forced to invest horrendous amounts of money in a fight with an enemy who is many times larger in terms of population, many times larger in terms of land and has grown into an economic powerhouse many times larger than Paksitan. In their desperation to harm India the Pakistani military tried twice to invade India (1965 and 1999) and was beaten back.This obsession with Kashmir and India has had serious and crippling consequenses to Pakistan's democracy. Military coups became a common place in Pakistan and democratically elected rulers were murdered, or usurped and put in prison by the military generals. The military became the dominanat institution in the country and destroyed democratic institutions and encouraged religious fanaticism. In 1971, to add insult to injury East Pakistan broke away from West Pakistan to become Bangladesh.In the ensuing years, Paksitanis have invested Billions in a nuclear bomb, untold amounts in a vast Military machine and also spawned various 'Jihad' outfits which have come back to haunt Pakistan in the form of uncontrolled domestic terrorism.The western countries try to get the Kashmir issue solved in the hope that Pakistan will then focus on the terrorists that have made Pakistan their home. But the hatred of Hindus runs deep in the Pakistani establishment and there is no end in sight to this issue.
(TAKEN FROM A POPULAR WEBSITE) in next part I will write my opinion about this.

Religion

Today the world is facing a great problem widely used as a term of Extreme religion.This is the term which is defined and measured when a human being does some nontolerable activities on the name of... religious faith. Extreme religion is where a religious concept and belief is taken and intensified using drastic and unreasonable measures, to enforce a particular belief whilst keeping the basis for faith.I am not blaiming any particular religion or community to produce extremities in front of the society on the basis of its theory and concept.The situations and running time is the main culprit which is being utilised by some group of people for their personal benefit. Creating a strict and sever religion which goes far beyond what is reasonable, moderate and normal. Extreme religion is very dangerous because followers do not comprehend societies normality as they believe and have tremendous faith in what is believed to be a wonderful religion, as they genuinely believe they are doing the work of God and creating a better world to live in.As a result what is happening The world is seeing too many accidents (in reality murders) being executed by these people. Not understanding the extremities to what is happening, unaware of the dangers inflicted upon others using such irrational behaviour and belief.Think back to your childhood. When you were a kid did you ever try to convince somebody you were really telling the truth? Did you ever say, "I swear to God?" how abut th...is one, "I swear on a stack of a particular holy book either Gita Kuran or Bible," you said it, sure you did. how about this one, "Cross my heart, hope to die, stick a needle in my eye," I said that a few times.we as a human being we hear the voice and directions from our parents that we have to follow this particular thory or we have to obey that particular guru or master but at the same time te second thing arises dont be in touch of that person he is from different caste or he is from different religion.Does A religious theory ever say hate a particular people from a particular caste or from a particular religion. promising things and wanting people to believe we were really telling the truth sometimes demanded that we swear because they were not used to us telling the truth. And all of that kind of swearing and giving oaths is really a device of man based upon his basic dishonesty. We invent those oaths and even in some cases curses imposed upon ourselves before God if we lie because basically we have learned that man can't be trusted to keep his word. Sometimes it's as simple as those silly childlike oaths, or sometimes it's as complx as things like swearing to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you God, which we're required to say in a court of law. Religions today no longer serve the purpose for which they came into existence. The very basic theme of each relgion was to teach, how to love each other and bring us closer to ourselves and to God. Today the opposite is happening, Religions are not uniting but dividing us.The world is seeing so many incidents ,who is culprit of this you me or entire society,the system or the theology the philosophy or the personal thinking??? Forget the differences from religion to religion, each now has so many divisions. The biggst problem Religions are bringing in is Fundamentalism and in-tolerance, giving birth to Fanatics, who are ready to destroy our freedom,As i have said it is giving the birth to extreme religion whose effect is well known in all over the world, just in the name of religion.Love is not something which can be given by force, but Religions as they stand today are given by force, by parents to children. Anything given by force can never have fruitful results. Love is realized from within, with loving actions, loving emotions and loving feelings, and the results are always fruitful. On the other hand, Religions given by force, can turn us into what we are not, and take us miles away from God and Humanity.It is about time, to rectify our vision, rectify our way of life, and mould them to what the various religions originally desired. Humanity is the religion which all religions preach, so why not follow it as such.i am not blaiming the people who believe in particular religion but i would like to say dont believe blindly try to study the theory and cancept through which it is built Gita or Kuran has not been made to keep it in front of you to wprship daily but it is built to study ,it is built to think about the statements written in it and follow it in your life style.every religion is supporter of non-violence then why people kill each other on the name of religion .this is the reason it is notworthy to state"When one person suffers from a delusion it is called insanity; when many people suffer from a delusion it is called religion."

Aligarh Muslim University exam Part one

This is the incident of that time when I was appearing for IIt exam.That was crucial situation as I was appearing for third time.As it was my last attempt so I filled application forms of almost of the exams.it was notworthy to say that I was in great Frustation stage.It is really very difficult to overcome on this stage.Frustration can be a result of blocking motivated behavior. An individual may react in several different ways. He/She may respond with rational problem-solving methods to overcome the barrier. Failing in this, he/she may become frustrated and behave irrationally. An example of blockage of motivational energy would be the case of a worker who wants time off to go fishing but is denied permission by his/her supervisor. Another example would be the executive who wants a promotion but finds he/she lacks certain qualifications.
let us come on the point as I was telling i filled the forms of all the exams,me with my Cousin Anshu (he came from the native) had got our examination center at Aligarh for Aligarh Muslim University entrance exams.we had to leave for the exam as one day before.As I was the eldert one I had the responsibility to travel to Aligarh along with Anshu for the exam.
we started our journey from NewDelhi railway station.there was a great rush those a days we thought to travel by the train Lichhwi counted as one of the worsts train with respect to reaching time and comfort.we had no another root so we started our journey.
it was great rush and we were in general boogie, it was very difficult to stay even to stand properly too.it was not the case that we were only two students going for the exams,there were so many with the same situation like this,Suddenly I saw a beautiful girl with her friend was standing in the same way I was.I was not as emotional as my friends but I felt something was happening in my mind after seeing her.Tell you the truth, she's not that good-looking. She doesn't stand out in any way. Her clothes are nothing special. The back of her hair is still bent out of shape from sleep. She isn't young, either - must be near twenty, not even close to a "girl," properly speaking. But still, I know from fifty yards away: She's the 100% perfect girl for me. The moment I see her, there's a rumbling in my chest, and my mouth is as dry as a desert.Maybe you have your own particular favorite type of girl - one with slim ankles, say, or big eyes, or graceful fingers, or you're drawn for no good reason to girls who take their time with every meal. I have my own preferences, of course. Sometimes in a restaurant I'll catch myself staring at the girl at the next table to mine because I like the shape of her nose.But no one can insist that his 100% perfect girl correspond to some preconceived type. Much as I like noses, I can't recall the shape of hers - or even if she had one. All I can remember for sure is that she was no great beauty. It's weird.

THE HOLOCAUST

There are some incidents happened in the world which have not only made a great impact on the future but also changed the meaning and definition of common life Style.
Such a very cruel incident happened during second world war commonly known as Holocaust.It begins in 1933 when Hitler came to power in Germany and ended in 1945 when the Nazis were defeated by the Allied powers. A major issue in contemporary Holocaust studies is the question of functionalism versus intentionalism. The terms were coined in a 1981 article by the British Marxist historian Timothy Mason to describe two schools of thought about the origins of the Holocaust. Intentionalists hold that the Holocaust was the result of a long-term masterplan on the part of Hitler's and that Hitler was the driving force behind the Holocaust. Functionalists hold that Hitler was anti-Semitic, but that he did not have a masterplan for genocide. Functionalists see the Holocaust as coming from below in the ranks of the German bureaucracy with little or no involvement on the part of Hitler. Functionalists stress that the Nazi anti-Semitic policy was constantly evolving in ever more radical directions and the end product was the Holocaust.
Intentionalists like Lucy Dawidowicz argue that the Holocaust was planned by Hitler from the very beginning of his political career, at very least from 1919 on, if not earlier. Later Dawidowicz was to date the decision for genocide back to November 11, 1918. Other Intentionalists like Andreas Hillgruber, Karl Dietrich Bracher and Klaus Hildebrand suggested that Hitler had decided upon the Holocaust sometime in the early 1920s. More recent intentionalist historians like Eberhard Jäckel continue to emphasize the relative earliness of the decision to kill the Jews, although they are not willing to claim that Hitler planned the Holocaust from the beginning. Yet another group of intentionalist historians such as the American Arno J. Mayer claimed Hitler only ordered the Holocaust in December 1941.Functionalists like Hans Mommsen, Martin Broszat, Götz Aly, Raul Hilberg and Christopher Browning hold that the Holocaust was started in 1941-1942 as a result of the failure of the Nazi deportation policy and the impending military losses in Russia. They claim that what some see as extermination fantasies outlined in Hitler's Mein Kampf and other Nazi literature were mere propaganda and did not constitute concrete plans. In Mein Kampf Hitler repeatly states his inexorable hatred of the Jewish people, but no-where does he proclaim his intention to exterminate the Jewish people.Furthermore, Functionalists point to the fact that in the 1930s, Nazi policy aimed at trying to make life so unpleasant for German Jews that they would leave Germany. Adolf Eichmann was in charge of faciliating Jewish emigration by whatever means possible from 1937 on, until October 3, 1941 were German Jews forbidden to leave, when Reinhard Heydrich issued a order to that effect.Functionalists point to the SS's support for a time in the late 1930s for Zionist groups as the preferred solution to the "Jewish Question" as another sign that there was no masterplan for genocide. The SS only ceased their support for German Zionist groups in May 1939 when Joachim von Ribbentrop informed Hitler of this, and Hitler ordered Himmler to cease and desist as the creation of Israel was not a goal Hitler thought worthy of German foreign policy.In particular, Functionalists have noted that in German documents from 1939 to 1941, the term "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" was clearly meant to be a "territorial solution", that is the entire Jewish population was to be expelled somewhere far from Germany and not allowed to come back.At first, the SS planned to create a gigantic "Jewish Reservation" in the Lublin, Poland area, but the so-called "Lublin Plan" was vetoed by Hans Frank, the Governor-General of Poland who refused to allow the SS to ship any more Jews to the Lublin area after November, 1939. The reason why Frank vetoed the "Lublin Plan" was not due to any humane motives, but rather because he was opposed to the SS "dumping" Jews into the Government-General. In 1940, the SS and the German Foreign Office had the so-called "Madagascar Plan" to deport the entire Jewish population of Europe to a "reservation" on Madagascar. The "Madagascar Plan" was cancelled because Germany could not defeat Britain and until the British blockade was broken, the "Madagascar Plan" could not be put into effect.Finally, Functionalist historians have made much of a memorandum written by Himmler in May, 1940 explicitly rejecting extermination of the entire Jewish people as "un-German" and going on to recommend to Hitler the "Madagascar Plan" as the preferred "territorial solution" to the "Jewish Question". Not until July 1941 did the term "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" come to mean extermination.
Recently, a synthesis of the two schools has emerged that has been championed by such diverse historians such as the Canadian historian Michael Marrus, the Israeli historian Yehuda Bauer and the British historian Ian Kershaw that contends that Hitler was the driving force behind the Holocaust, but that he did not have a long-term plan and that much of the initiative for the Holocaust came from below in an effort to meet Hitler's perceived wishes.
Another controversy was started by the sociologist Daniel Goldhagen, who argues that ordinary Germans were knowing and willing participants in the Holocaust, which he claims had its roots in a deep eliminationist German anti-Semitism. Most other historians have disagreed with Goldhagen's thesis, arguing that while anti-Semitism undeniably existed in Germany, Goldhagen's idea of a uniquely German "eliminationist" anti-Semitism is untenable, and that the extermination was unknown to many and had to be enforced by the dictatorial Nazi apparatus.You can feel the hotness and concept behind the happening og these incidents in the words of initiator Heinrich Himmler itself

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I also want to refer here very frankly to a very difficult matter. We can now very openly talk about this among ourselves, and yet we will never discuss this publicly. Just as we did not hesitate on june 1934, to perform our duty as ordered and put comrades who had failed up against the wall and execute them, we also never spoke about it, nor will we ever speak about it. Let us thank God that we had within us enough self-evident fortitude never to discuss it among us, and we never talked about it. Every one of us was horrified, and yet every one clearly understood that we would do it next time, when the order is given and when it becomes necessary. I am now referring to the evacuation of the Jews, to the extermination of the Jewish People. This is something that is easily said: 'The Jewish People will be exterminated', says every Party member, 'this is very obvious, it is in our program — elimination of the Jews, extermination, a small matter.' And then they turn up, the upstanding 80 million Germans, and each one has his decent Jew. They say the others are all swine, but this particular one is a splendid Jew. But none has observed it, endured it. Most of you here know what it means when 100 corpses lie next to each other, when there are 500 or when there are 1,000. To have endured this and at the same time to have remained a decent person — with exceptions due to human weaknesses — has made us tough, and is a glorious chapter that has not and will not be spoken of. Because we know how difficult it would be for us if we still had Jews as secret saboteurs, agitators and rabble rousers in every city, what with the bombings, with the burden and with the hardships of the war. If the Jews were still part of the German nation, we would most likely arrive now at the state we were at in 1916 and '17 . . . . The Nazis established killing centers for efficient mass murder. Unlike concentration camps, which served primarily as detention and labor centers, killing centers (also referred to as "extermination camps" or "death camps") were almost exclusively "death factories." German SS and police murdered nearly 2,700,000 Jews in the killing centers either by asphyxiation with poison gas or by shooting. The first killing center was Chelmno, which opened in the Warthegau (part of Poland annexed to Germany) in December 1941. Mostly Jews, but also Roma (Gypsies), were gassed in mobile gas vans there. In 1942, in the Generalgouvernement (a territory in the interior of occupied Poland), the Nazis opened the Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka killing centers (known collectively as the Operation Reinhard camps) to systematically murder the Jews of Poland. In the Operation Reinhard killing centers, the SS and their auxiliaries killed approximately 1,526,500 Jews between March 1942 and November 1943. Almost all of the deportees who arrived at the camps were sent immediately to death in the gas chambers (with the exception of very small numbers chosen for special work teams known as Sonderkommandos). The largest killing center was Auschwitz-Birkenau, which by spring 1943 had four gas chambers (using Zyklon B poison gas) in operation. At the height of the deportations, up to 6,000 Jews were gassed each day at Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland. Over a million Jews and tens of thousands of Roma, Poles, and Soviet prisoners of war were killed there by November 1944. Though many scholars have traditionally counted the Majdanek camp as a sixth killing center, recent research had shed more light on the functions and operations at Lublin/Majdanek. Within the framework of Operation Reinhard, Majdanek primarily served to concentrate Jews whom the Germans spared temporarily for forced labor. It occasionally functioned as a killing site to murder victims who could not be killed at the Operation Reinhard killing centers: Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka II. It also contained a storage depot for property and valuables taken from the Jewish victims at the killing centers. The SS considered the killing centers top secret. To obliterate all traces of gassing operations, special prisoner units (the Sonderkommandos) were forced to remove corpses from the gas chambers and cremate them. The grounds of some killing centers were re-landscaped or camouflaged to disguise the murder of millions. For over six decades, the experiences that we find too difficult to even think about, have been haunting the survivors. For over six decades, the survivors have been trying to educate the world about the Holocaust. For over six decades, the survivors have been remembering and saying the Kaddish for the victims. Sadly, these men and women are now in their seventies and eighties and will not be able to continue the struggle for much longer. These survivors have fought for life when there was only death, fought for good when there was only evil, and fought for the future when there was only the past. Their struggles have not only become part of our history but have shaped and prepared our future. The survivors are leaving us, the younger generation, with a legacy of great worth. We are left with a struggle - not an easy one, for struggles never are - but certainly a worthy one. We have been given the duty to fight for our rights and our future as well as the duty to fight against ignorance and bigotry. We represent the future as well as the past. We are to remember and to never forget.

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